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RNA Modifications: Bridging Biological Function and Therapeutic Potential

open

NCI - National Cancer Institute

Abstract Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia conference entitled “RNA Modifications: Bridging Biological Function and Therapeutic Potential,” organized by Drs. Michaela Frye, Schraga Schwartz, Yunsun Nam and Eckhard Jankowsky, with scientific programming input from Keystone Symposia. The meeting will take place March 9–12, 2026 at Keystone Resort in Keystone, Colorado USA. The rapid growth in RNA modification research has shown that chemical modifications of nucleotides regulate RNA metabolism and influence cell functions. Moreover, the ability of single chemically modified nucleotides to change the electrostatic charge, base pairing and stability of RNA molecules can now be used in clinical applications. This includes creating stable artificial RNA transcripts, such as mRNA vaccines or synthetic small RNA molecules, to increase or decrease the expression of therapeutic proteins. However, our understanding of the human transcriptome remains incomplete because we lack full-length RNA sequences that include all their modifications. This knowledge is crucial, as RNA modifications regulate every stage of gene expression, and their pathways are frequently dysregulated across diverse cancer types. In 2022, the first RNA modification inhibitor entered phase I clinical trials for late-stage cancer patients (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT05584111), highlighting the translational potential of this field. This Keystone Symposia conference will convene field-leading experts to discuss the multidisciplinary aspects of RNA modification research, providing attendees with a broad overview of state-of-the-art research that is not available in other meetings or workshops centered around RNA. The conference program has been designed to highlight groundbreaking research developments, discuss current challenges and focus on therapeutic opportunities. Importantly, this conference program will explore innovative strategies to target RNA modifications in human diseases like cancer, as well as neurological and metabolic disorders. Cutting-edge therapeutic approaches, with an emphasis on the integration of advanced technologies in cancer research, will be emphasized throughout this meeting. Dynamic scientific sessions coupled with informal networking events will encourage an open exchange of emerging research concepts and directions in the field of RNA modifications and foster new collaborations.

Up to $10K
2027-02-28
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Role of ATAD2 in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis

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NCI - National Cancer Institute

Prostate cancer remains the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US men, mainly due to metastatic disease. Metastasis occurs most frequently in bones, thus entailing significant patient morbidity including pain, propensity to fractures and potential spinal cord compression. Moreover, the bone is a favored reservoir for undetectable disseminated tumor cells that maintain minimal residual disease and can thus critically define future patient outcomes. Despite this pressing clinical need, the mechanisms of progression to bone metastasis remain incompletely understood. Our overall goal is thus to understand the functional determinants of progression to lethal metastatic prostate cancer in order to develop more efficient therapies. Given that tumor progression and metastasis occur through multiple steps involving interactions with different benign cells and tissues, experimental models in which prostate cancer progression may be studied in a whole immunocompetent organism may help identify hitherto unappreciated mechanisms of progression. Our preliminary studies using novel mouse and human prostate cancer models show that ATAD2, an epigenetic and transcriptional regulator, is a critical mediator of metastasis (including bone) and of antitumoral immune responses. ATAD2 is progressively overexpressed during prostate cancer progression and may be an important therapeutic target because of its restricted expression in normal adult tissues as well as the presence of a potentially druggable and specific bromodomain. Furthermore, despite its widely reported association to worse survival in multiple cancer types, remarkably little is known about its functional role in metastasis. In this proposal we will determine the functional significance of ATAD2 expression for prostate cancer progression and metastasis. We will focus on its ability to modulate bone colonization and antitumoral immune responses, two critically relevant steps in the development of metastasis, and uncover the chromatin and transcriptional mechanisms through which it acts. Using state-of-the art syngeneic mouse models, ex-vivo epigenetic editing, human organoids and advanced tissue engineering technologies, our expert multidisciplinary team is uniquely poised to have a positive impact on our understanding of how tumor cells progress to lethal metastatic disease. Our studies will uncover novel mechanisms linking metastasis and immune escape, paving the way for future biomarker driven targeted therapies that may lead to durable and systemic therapeutic responses in currently incurable metastatic disease.

Up to $683K
2031-04-30
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Role of Force-directed Lipid Metabolism in the Endothelial-to-Hematopoietic Transition

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NIDDK - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Project Summary/Abstract In vertebrates, self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced from a developmental event called endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition (EHT). EHT consists of a cellular and transcriptional reprogramming that allows hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) from a subset of embryonic arteries to leave the vessel and become blood stem cells. HSCs have the capacity to replace and restore the complete blood system upon transplant, making HSC transplant the only curative therapy available for blood diseases like leukemia and lymphoma. Given this therapeutic need, great effort has focused on the development of in vitro protocols that attempt to recapitulate the conditions of EHT for clinical expansion or de novo production of stem cells in the dish. To date none efficiently produce long-lived multipotent HSCs, suggesting that one or more developmental signals for this process remain to be defined. Mechanical forces from blood flow are an essential cue for HSC production via EHT, and the zebrafish Danio rerio provides an excellent animal model in which to study this contribution to hematopoiesis due to conserved molecular genetics of EHT in this species and the ability to observe live embryos with active circulation. Flow-driven EHT is mediated in part by the Yes-associated protein (YAP) transcription factor (TF), a transcriptional coregulator that has roles in organ growth, nutrient regulation and cell fate specification. YAP can be directed to the nucleus as a direct result of physical forces acting on the cell, but the molecular mechanisms by which this promotes EHT and HSC production are unclear. In preliminary data generated under K01 support, single-cell transcriptional analysis of wildtype, yap -/- and YAP-overexpressing HECs from zebrafish point to a role for YAP in regulating a battery of self-renewal hematopoietic TFs, cell cycling and metabolic processes. In examining these YAP gain- and loss-of-function (GOF/LOF) transcriptomes, gene module scores suggest an impaired glycolysis-to-oxidative phosphorylation rewiring in HECs. Genes related to lipid metabolism are also dysregulated by YAP perturbation and can be identified in ‘no flow’ datasets from mouse models. This R03 application will investigate the role of force-directed lipid metabolism in developmental EHT using zebrafish as a model. We hypothesize that hemodynamic forces alter lipid usage in HE to drive the metabolically intensive process of EHT. In the first aim, an unbiased approach of mass spectrometry-based lipidomic profiling will be used to quantify the abundance of lipid species in wildtype and YAP gain or loss of function (GOF/LOF) whole-embryo and sorted endothelial cell populations to determine those metabolites that are YAP-regulated (as a proxy for a major cellular transducer of mechanical force). In the second aim a candidate pathway, the secreted sphingosine-1-phosphate lipid mediator, will be studied for its role in EHT by live-imaging, chemical perturbation and state-of-the-art genome editing technologies to create tissue-specific LOF zebrafish lines. Findings from this proposal will uncover force-driven metabolic responses that might enhance production of HSCs via EHT and generate critical preliminary data to support R01 applications.

Up to $128K
2027-12-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Roles of Misfolded Protein Aggregates on Latent Reservoirs in SIV-infected, ART-treated Aged Rhesus Macaques

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NIA - National Institute on Aging

Abstract The advancement of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the lives of people living with HIV (PWH) to manageable diseases. However, due to the persistence of viral reservoirs, a cure for HIV remains elusive. Chronological aging is associated with cerebral and extracerebral progressive accumulation of amyloid fibrils, which plays a crucial role in the development of late-onset Alzheimer's and Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (AD-ADRD). More than ten precursor proteins, including transthyretin, amylin, lactadherin, Aβ1-42, α- synuclein, epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, semenogelin, and others, are implicated in age-associated amyloidosis. Age-associated amyloidosis results in activation of microglia in the brain, T cells and myeloid cells in the periphery, M1 polarization of macrophages, and creates a systemic chronic inflammatory milieu. In the United States, more than half of all the people living with HIV (PWH) are aged 50 years or older. Additionally, more than 15% of newly HIV diagnosed Americans are over 50 years of age. Therefore, it becomes paramount to understand the impact of amyloid fibril deposition on the reactivation and expansion of lymphoid and myeloid latent reservoirs in older people living with HIV. Conversely, HIV infection and chronological aging are two mutually exclusive comorbid conditions for the development of AD-ADRD. Therefore, it is indispensable to understand the role of HIV in enhancing the deposition of amyloid fibrils and in the development/acceleration of AD–ADRD among older people living with HIV. The commonly used small animal models of AD, not comprehensively recapitulate the heterogeneous manifestations of late onset of AD. On the contrary, rhesus macaques naturally develop age-associated cognitive decline and deposition of amyloid fibrils closely mirrored in humans. This proposal aims to address the knowledge gaps in the field described above. In Aim 1, we will study the impact of age-associated deposition of amyloid fibrils on HIV reservoirs, and in Aim 2, assess the impact of viral infection on the enhancement of chronological aging-associated amyloidosis, and subsequent development of AD-ADRD phenotypes. We anticipate that understanding the aging-associated reactivation and expansion of the viral reservoir will help to provide a more informed approach to designing HIV cure research interventions for older people living with HIV, as well as understanding the role of HIV on the development of late-onset AD-ADRD will aid in the development of customized care modalities, including treatment for comorbid conditions.

Up to $422K
2028-05-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Rotary Chair System equipped with Videonystagmography and pediatric assessment capabilities

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NIDCD - National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

Abstract We request funding to acquire the Interacoustics VisualEyes 525b rotary chair, videonystagmography (VNG) module, and the pediatric assessment kit to enhance interdisciplinary research and graduate training in vestibular science at the University of Memphis. This state-of-the-art system will replace our outdated and unserviceable unit, significantly expanding our capacity to investigate vestibular function across the lifespan, from infants to older adults, and to train the next generation of researchers and clinicians in audiology and related biomedical disciplines. The vestibular system is critical for balance and spatial orientation. Dysfunction in this system is a major independent risk factor for falls in older adults, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. In children, vestibular disorders are linked to delayed motor development, cognitive challenges, and poor academic performance. Despite its clinical importance, many existing diagnostic tools lack the sensitivity and precision to fully evaluate vestibular deficits. The requested system provides advanced capabilities, including sinusoidal harmonic acceleration, step velocity testing, oculomotor examination, and visual fixation suppression. These features enable detailed assessment of both peripheral and central vestibular function, which is not possible with our current equipment. Importantly, the requested system includes pediatric-compatible components that allow for safe and reliable testing in young children. This instrument will directly support the work of multiple research labs within the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, while also fostering collaboration across campus and regionally. The equipment will advance multiple NIH-relevant research initiatives, including: (1) vestibular function across the lifespan; (2) identification of physiological markers of vestibular dysfunction in clinical populations (e.g., Meniere’s disease and auditory neuropathy); (3) vestibular neuroplasticity; and (4) computational modeling of vestibular responses. At least four primary investigators with active research programs will use the system, with additional faculty integrating it into future projects. In addition to its research impact, the system will be fully integrated into graduate-level education. Over 40 Doctor of Audiology (AuD) and PhD students annually will receive hands-on training in advanced vestibular assessment, data acquisition, and interpretation. The system will support classroom instruction, lab demonstrations, and student-led capstone and dissertation projects. These educational experiences will build clinical competence and research proficiency. In summary, acquisition of the Interacoustics VisualEyes 525b system will strengthen the University of Memphis’s research infrastructure, promote interdisciplinary collaboration across audiology, neuroscience, engineering, and healthcare, and advance evidence-based approaches to vestibular education, and care.

Up to $198K
2027-05-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy as a Behavioral Design Intervention to Reduce Stigma in Key Affected Populations

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FIC - John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences

Peru's HIV epidemic is concentrated in MSM, where high rates of stigma and discriminaton toward them have undermined treatment outcomes. Despite high diagnostic and linkage rates, MSM have low levels of ART initiation and viral suppression related to low retention in care. For MSM with HIV, multi-dimensional stigma related to sexual orientation, substance use disorders, sex work, multiple sexual partners, etc. undermine treatment efforts through numerous clinical interactions that have the potential to reinforce stigma and delay ART initiation. This grant proposes a transformative approach to reduce HIV-related stigma through a Behavioral Design Intervention (BDI) that utilizes same-day ART (SD-ART) protocols to streamline the treatment initiation process. Unlike other stigma-reduction interventions, BDIs operate at the organizational level, rather than at the clinician or patient level. Our strategy builds upon robust evidence that rapid-start ART (RS-ART) significantly increases ART initiation, retention and viral suppression, thus improving individual and public health. To address the entrenched stigma and operational barriers that persist in treatment initiation, this research will deploy innovative methodologies and technologies. We will first develop a tailored SD-ART protocol utilizing asynchronous online focus groups and flowcharting techniques to map the current ART initiation process and design a streamlined SD-ART protocol. This protocol will use choice architecture to streamline the ART initiation process by minimizing clinical interactions that can reinforce stigma. Using nominal group techniques (NGT), a mixed methods strategy, we will assess multi-level barriers and facilitators to SD-ART from the perspectives of patients (MSM), clinicians, and administrators. From this process, scripts for framing and nudging will be created to inform refinements to the SD-ART protocol to ensure it addresses the specific needs of MSM and thereby enhancing its effectiveness and acceptability. The SD-ART protocol tailored to MSM using behavioral design will be pilot-tested with 125 newly diagnosed MSM. This phase will include longitudinal dyadic analyses to measure changes in stigma, physician trust, social support, and psychological well-being. These insights will not only assess the protocol's impact but also guide further improvements, paving the way for a future implementation trial. Our approach is distinctively designed to reduce the stigma experienced by MSM in clinical settings. By restructuring the decision-making process to prioritize clinical indicators over subjective assessments, our intervention aims to foster a more supportive and non-discriminatory healthcare environment. We hypothesize that this will decrease both perceived and enacted stigma, thereby improving patient-level health outcomes while reducing negative stereotypes by clinicians as MSM succeed in their treatment. By integrating behavioral design into the ART initiation trajectory, this project represents a novel approach to addressing the complex challenges of HIV treatment in high-stigma contexts, offering significant potential for replication and scalability elsewhere.

Up to $57K
2029-03-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy as a Behavioral Design Intervention to Reduce Stigma in Key Affected Populations

open

FIC - John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences

Peru's HIV epidemic is concentrated in MSM, where high rates of stigma and discriminaton toward them have undermined treatment outcomes. Despite high diagnostic and linkage rates, MSM have low levels of ART initiation and viral suppression related to low retention in care. For MSM with HIV, multi-dimensional stigma related to sexual orientation, substance use disorders, sex work, multiple sexual partners, etc. undermine treatment efforts through numerous clinical interactions that have the potential to reinforce stigma and delay ART initiation. This grant proposes a transformative approach to reduce HIV-related stigma through a Behavioral Design Intervention (BDI) that utilizes same-day ART (SD-ART) protocols to streamline the treatment initiation process. Unlike other stigma-reduction interventions, BDIs operate at the organizational level, rather than at the clinician or patient level. Our strategy builds upon robust evidence that rapid-start ART (RS-ART) significantly increases ART initiation, retention and viral suppression, thus improving individual and public health. To address the entrenched stigma and operational barriers that persist in treatment initiation, this research will deploy innovative methodologies and technologies. We will first develop a tailored SD-ART protocol utilizing asynchronous online focus groups and flowcharting techniques to map the current ART initiation process and design a streamlined SD-ART protocol. This protocol will use choice architecture to streamline the ART initiation process by minimizing clinical interactions that can reinforce stigma. Using nominal group techniques (NGT), a mixed methods strategy, we will assess multi-level barriers and facilitators to SD-ART from the perspectives of patients (MSM), clinicians, and administrators. From this process, scripts for framing and nudging will be created to inform refinements to the SD-ART protocol to ensure it addresses the specific needs of MSM and thereby enhancing its effectiveness and acceptability. The SD-ART protocol tailored to MSM using behavioral design will be pilot-tested with 125 newly diagnosed MSM. This phase will include longitudinal dyadic analyses to measure changes in stigma, physician trust, social support, and psychological well-being. These insights will not only assess the protocol's impact but also guide further improvements, paving the way for a future implementation trial. Our approach is distinctively designed to reduce the stigma experienced by MSM in clinical settings. By restructuring the decision-making process to prioritize clinical indicators over subjective assessments, our intervention aims to foster a more supportive and non-discriminatory healthcare environment. We hypothesize that this will decrease both perceived and enacted stigma, thereby improving patient-level health outcomes while reducing negative stereotypes by clinicians as MSM succeed in their treatment. By integrating behavioral design into the ART initiation trajectory, this project represents a novel approach to addressing the complex challenges of HIV treatment in high-stigma contexts, offering significant potential for replication and scalability elsewhere.

Up to $161K
2029-03-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

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