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Biomarker Development and Applications to Inform Cancer Prevention

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NCI - National Cancer Institute

ABSTRACT Biomarkers of exposure and biological effects are invaluable tools for studying the etiology of environmentally- induced cancers, identifying individuals and populations at risk, and developing and evaluating preventive interventions. This proposal will leverage the expertise and the teaching and capacity building experience of the Masonic Cancer Center (MCC), University of Minnesota faculty to provide an innovative, hands-on course to develop skills necessary for employing biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and biological effects in studies of cancer etiology and prevention. The course is targeted towards researchers-in-training (RITs) such as predoctoral and medical students and postdoctoral trainees from the US and from countries that represent high burden of exposure to environmental and lifestyle cancer risk factors. We will recruit 10 RITs each year, with each cohort consisting of four US-based participants and – leveraging our existing partnerships – six participants from India, Thailand, and African countries (two participants from each site). Specific Aims are (1) Provide a course that offers structured didactic content and hands-on experiences for developing skills in biomarker measurement and data analysis and interpretation. The course will include virtual modules focused on the fundamentals of chemical carcinogenesis and examples of biomarker development and applications, and a 5- week in-person laboratory training in state-of-the art biomarker measurement techniques. (2) Provide course participants with an understanding of clinical and translational biomarker applications to inform cancer prevention and control. Participants will learn and practice methodologies for designing, planning, and implementing human cross-sectional and intervention studies employing biomarkers. This will include modules on the ethics of human subject research as well as the logistics of project management, such as participant recruitment, retention, compliance with study procedures, and biological sample collection, processing, and shipment. (3) Provide course participants with skills and opportunities to establish global collaborative partnerships for conducting biomarker-based research in the area of cancer prevention and control. Each participant will partner with a participant from a different country to develop a joint research proposal employing biomarker assessments. The proposal will address a cancer risk factor relevant to both countries (e.g., air pollution, tobacco, diet) and will be designed to ensure that its findings will serve to inform each country’s cancer prevention and control efforts. Our long-term goal is to establish a community of highly skilled researchers who can engage in collaborative, translational biomarker research aimed to inform policies and practices to reduce the global burden of cancer.

Up to $310K
2031-04-30
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Biophysical mechanisms for bidirectional coupling between mechanotransduction and cell morphology

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NIGMS - National Institute of General Medical Sciences

This project explores the mechanisms by which cells respond and adapt to biochemical and physical cues from their environment. A particular focus is placed on mechanotransduction signaling in response to the material properties of a cell’s environment, leading to the nuclear translocation of important transcription regulatory proteins such as yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). The project aims to quantify cell response to substrate nanotopography (i.e., nanoscale surface features) and to molecules that activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It is hypothesized that cells integrate physical and chemical environmental cues through intracellular signaling events at the cell and nuclear surfaces, leading to distinct changes in YAP/TAZ localization and in cellular morphology. Throughout, this work utilizes a productive cycle of biophysical experiments and simulations. The K99 phase of this project examines cell and nuclear deformation on substrates with nanoscale topographical features, in the presence or absence of the GPCR agonist angiotensin II. Experiments will quantify the response of a human cell line (U2OS) to substrates with nanopillars. Mechanotransduction signaling will be quantified by immunofluorescence imaging of cytoskeletal activation, nuclear deformation, and YAP/TAZ localization in fixed cells, while biosensor-based fluorescence imaging will be used to monitor GPCR activation and downstream signaling events in live cells. These data will constrain a computational model that considers spatiotemporal dynamics of biochemical signaling within the cell coupled to curvature of the plasma membrane and deformation of the nucleus. Such simulations leverage recent advances in finite-element-based software packages used for spatial models of cell signaling and cell mechanics. This work will be conducted at the University of California, San Diego, supported by state-of-the-art experimental and computational resources and a strong team of scientific advisors including co-mentors Profs. Padmini Rangamani (primary) and Jin Zhang. This team will support training in biophysical experiments and computation. The candidate’s career goal is obtaining a tenure-track faculty position to lead research using both experimental and computational approaches to understand the biophysics of mechanotransduction. The associated R00 research will use human neutrophils as a model cell. Cell spreading and associated signaling events will be monitored in the presence or absence of the GPCR agonist CXCL8 on flat substrates of varying stiffness to assess how substrate deformability influences spreading efficacy. These results will be leveraged against predictions of a fluid-mechanics-based model of neutrophil motility coupled to a biochemical model of integrin-mediated signaling in neutrophils. Finally, deformation of the lobed and flexible neutrophil nucleus will be measured on nanopillar substrates and compared to that of rigid nuclei. Coupled mechanochemical simulations will be used to assess the implications of nuclear deformability for mechanosensitive signaling.

Up to $125K
2028-06-30
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

BlackRock Center for the Arts

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Montgomery County MD / State of Maryland

Other Legislative Initiatives

Up to $850K
Rolling
arts

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Brain Metabolism and Alcohol Use Disorder

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NIAAA - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

BRAIN METABOLISM AND ALCOHOL USE DISORDER ABSTRACT Glucose through glycolysis and the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle in the mitochondria supplies energy to the brain. Glycolysis disfunction has been associated with neurodegeneration, stress and depression. Moreover, Volkow and colleagues reported that glucose metabolism is reduced in the brain of human subjects suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using animal models of AUD, we found that the kinase mTORC1 plays a crucial role in mechanisms underlying excessive alcohol seeking and drinking, relapse, and alcohol habit and reward. mTORC1 is activated by alcohol in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and specifically in dopamine D1 receptor expressing (D1+) NAc neurons. We recently found that the activation of mTORC1 in the NAc of mice in response to long-term of intermittent access to 20% alcohol 2-bottle choice (IA20%2BC) promotes the translation of microRNA (miR) machinery transcripts in D1+ NAc neurons which in turn promotes the expression of a number of miRs including the miR, miR34a-5p. We further showed that alcohol-mediated activation of mTORC1 in D1+ NAc neurons represses the translation of several transcripts including Aldolase A a crucial enzyme in glycolysis which we found to be a target of miR34a-5p. We discovered that Aldolase A translation repression in D1+ NAc neurons is accompanied by the attenuation of NAc Lactate, the end product of glycolysis. We also found that metabolites in the mitochondria TCA cycle are attenuated in the NAc by IA20%2BC. Finally, we showed that overexpression of miR34a-5p increases whereas systemic administration of L-Lactate reduces heavy alcohol intake. Together, these data suggest that the pathway consisting of: mTORC1­/miR34a5p­/Aldolase A¯, is activated by alcohol in the NAc D1+ neurons, which inhibits glycolysis and promotes heavy alcohol use. Here, we plan to test the overall hypothesis that alcohol alters glycolysis, energy production and the metabolic signature in the Nac, which in turn contribute to behavioral phenotypes associated with AUD. We will utilize state of the art tools in combination with behavioral paradigms in female and male mice to address the following aims: Aim 1 will focus on glycolysis and examine cell-type specificity, cellular compartmentalization and molecular, and behavioral consequences of alcohol-mediated attenuation of glycolysis. Aim 2 will focus on alcohol interaction with the mitochondria in the Nac and will examine ATP levels and mitochondria morphology in mice with a history of alcohol use. In Aim 3, we will conduct a large scale comprehensive transcriptomic/metabolomic (multiomic) study to uncover the metabolic map which includes metabolites and metabolic enzymes in the Nac of mice consuming alcohol. This is a groundbreaking discovery proposal that will uncover alcohol-dependent metabolic adaptations in the brain. Results generated from the project will lay the foundation for a new dimension in alcohol research in the CNS.

Up to $614K
2031-04-30
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Brain-Focused Research on Antiretrovirals and Methamphetamine (Brain-FRAMe)

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NIDA - National Institute on Drug Abuse

Methamphetamine (METH) remains a major public health challenge for the clinical management of people with HIV (PWH) and for controlling HIV transmission. METH can increase HIV transcription, alter immune responses, and disrupt immunometabolism and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). These and other processes combine to worsen brain health, including cognition, mood, and impulsivity. Because PWH with active METH use disorder (aMUD) often struggle with medical adherence, some do not achieve durable viral suppression with oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). Advances in long-acting injectable (LAI)-ART and medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for addiction could change this. The combination of LAI-ART and MAT that includes LAI naltrexone could improve the durability of viral suppression and reduce METH use in PWH with aMUD, which creates an opportunity to investigate the brain health effects of these changes. Addressing this requires a multidisciplinary framework. We propose to leverage these advances and integrate methods from implementation science, pharmacology, virology, immunology, and clinical and basic neuroscience to understand how LAI-ART and MAT for aMUD interact to alter brain health and its biological underpinnings. The Brain-Focused Research on Antiretrovirals and Methamphetamine (Brain-FRAMe) program will pursue a single, transformative goal: to improve the clinical care and brain health of PWH with aMUD. The proposed research will be organized into three subgoals: Clinical Implementation, Brain Health Phenotyping, and Biological Mechanisms. Investigators will form four teams that will study the same participants over 52 weeks from different perspectives. The Clinical Implementation Team will deploy and evaluate the implementation of LAI-ART and MAT in PWH with aMUD in a primary care HIV clinic. The Neurobehavioral Phenotyping Team will characterize the neuromedical, neurocognitive, and psychiatric changes that result from LAI-ART and MAT. The Biophenotyping and Pharmacology Team will assess effects of METH and MAT on ART pharmacokinetics as well as changes in the HIV reservoir and proteomic and transcriptomic profiles in blood and CSF. Using biospecimens from the same participants over time, the Basic Science Mechanisms Team will interrogate targeted biological mechanisms that underlie the effects of aMUD, LAI-ART, and MAT, such as BBB integrity, immunometabolism, and immune competence. The robust and reproducible methods used by all teams will generate data that will be analyzed individually and in aggregate by the Data Integration and Analysis Group. The Scientific Program Coordinator and Contact PI will work with the MPIs and program staff to coordinate all aspects of the program, monitor progress, foster communication, curate data and biospecimens, convene advisory boards, and assure synergy and integration. Using these and other innovative methods, Brain-FRAMe will achieve within five years its goal of transforming the clinical care and brain health of this highly vulnerable group of people, which should also reduce new HIV infections in our community.

Up to $2.5M
2031-03-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

BRE-SPAD at Western Washington University

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NIGMS - National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Abstract Western Washington University (WWU) seeks BRE-SPAD funding to strengthen its research infrastructure and expand faculty and student engagement in biomedical research. As a Predominantly Undergraduate Institution (PUI) with a strong commitment to liberal arts education, WWU has seen steady growth in research activities in the past several years. Research expenditures have almost doubled in less than a decade from $8.5 million in 2014 to $15.9 million in 2023. Yet, WWU’s biological, biomedical, and health sciences R&D expenditures were only $864,000, representing just 5% of total institutional R&D expenditures. WWU will use BRE-SPAD funding to address several institutional challenges, including high teaching loads, lack of key research equipment, limited pre- and post-award administrative support, no central system for recruiting students into undergraduate research opportunities, and a lack of dedicated research development programming. The proposed SPAD initiative at WWU will enhance research capacity through the following specific aims: 1) Improve sponsored programs administration capacity by hiring a new research administrator, training all pre- and post-award staff on NIH proposal submission and award management best practices, and learning from an external evaluation process to improve overall research administration and research development services. 2) Enhance WWU’s research environment by establishing the Viking Biomedical Research Institute (VBR), hiring a program manager, purchasing key biomedical research equipment and supplies, training biomedical faculty in effective NIH research design and proposal writing, incentivizing faculty to develop new course- based undergraduate research experiences (CURES), and creating a centralized mentoring hub for students interested in pursuing biomedical research. and 3) Launch a pilot research project funding program by offering pilot awards, providing faculty release time to focus on research activities, providing resources for undergraduate student participation in the research projects, and enabling faculty to collect data and conduct preliminary analyses that will make subsequent NIH proposals more competitive. By achieving these aims, WWU expects to catalyze a significant increase in the number of faculty – and faculty from a wider range of disciplines – who submit NIH proposals, growth in biomedical research expenditures, increased student participation in biomedical research, an increase in the number of students who graduate with biomedical and health-related degrees and qualifications to enter the regional biomedical workforce, and the establishment of a sustainable and robust biomedical research enterprise.

Up to $599K
2031-01-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Bridges2Scale: Testing implementation strategies for an intervention among young people affected by AIDS

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NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

PROJECT ABSTRACT Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a region dominated by low-resource communities and relatively poor families, is experiencing rising HIV prevalence among adolescents and youth (AY). Household economic hardships heighten the risk for AY’s engaging in health-compromising behaviors and their poor engagement with care. This increases their risk for contracting and transmitting HIV and non-adherence to ART treatment. Economic empowerment (EE) interventions have demonstrated substantial promise in reducing HIV-related risk-taking behaviors, and improving ART treatment adherence and mental health outcomes. Based on 10+ years of research utilizing savings-led EE interventions focused on HIV prevention, care and support for AY affected by HIV [AYaAIDS] (including AY living with HIV [AYLHIV]; and AY orphaned by AIDS [AYoAIDS] in SSA, our group has demonstrated the effectiveness of a multi-component EE intervention, Bridges, in four NIH-funded randomized control trials (RCT) in Uganda (R01 HD070727, R01HD074949, R34MH081763, R01MH113486), and one foundation-funded study in Kenya. Bridges involves: 1) financial literacy training (FLT) and mentorship; 2) family income-generating activities (IGA); and 3) incentivized savings via a matched Youth Development Account (YDA). Bridges has demonstrated robust effects on HIV-related risk-taking behaviors, ART adherence, mental health, psychosocial outcomes, educational achievement, family economics, and family cohesion. Yet, scaling EE interventions has been a challenge, signaling the need to identify and test scale-up strategies and examine determinants of implementation and sustainment. In Bridges2Scale, we will compare two multifaceted strategies (standard vs enhanced) for scaling Bridges in a two-arm Hybrid III effectiveness-implementation cluster RCT. The standard implementation strategy has been applied in our prior RCTs and involves educational meetings that prepare staff to deliver Bridges with minimal disruption to site workflow. This will be compared to an enhanced strategy that will be developed using Implementation Mapping. We will use the public school system to recruit 1440 AYaAIDS (ages 13-17 years) from 48 schools in the Greater Masaka region of Uganda, a region with 11.7% HIV prevalence. Schools will be the unit of randomization (n=24 schools per arm; n=720 students per arm). Four specific aims guide our study: Aim 1. Compare the implementation effectiveness of the standard implementation strategy vs. an enhanced implementation strategy; Aim 2. Determine the clinical effectiveness of Bridges implemented via a standard vs. enhanced implementation strategy; Aim 3. Explore implementation processes, mechanisms, and determinants; and Aim 4. Compare the cost and cost-effectiveness of the two implementation strategies. The study will address a critical challenge: how to best support the implementation, scale-up, and sustainment of EE interventions, which have been proven to be highly efficacious in improving youth-focused HIV prevention, care, and support outcomes, but are yet to be widely scaled up.

Up to $241K
2028-01-31
health research

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

Bristol Eastern High School Culinary Arts

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City Of Bristol

Priority

Up to $1.0M
Rolling
Educationarts

Free to search & build · $99 one-time to unlock the application pack · No subscription

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